@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');

:root {
  /* USC brand: Cardinal + Gold (https://brand.usc.edu/) */
  --usc-cardinal: #990000;
  --usc-gold: #ffcc00;
  --accent: var(--usc-cardinal);
  --accent-hover: #7a0000;
  --accent-soft: rgba(153, 0, 0, 0.09);
  --gold-soft: rgba(255, 204, 0, 0.2);
  --bg: #faf9f6;
  --card-bg: #ffffff;
  --text: #1a1a1a;
  --muted: #5c5348;
  --border: rgba(26, 22, 18, 0.1);
  --radius: 10px;
  --shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(26, 22, 18, 0.06);
  --shadow-soft: 0 1px 2px rgba(26, 22, 18, 0.04);
  /* Readable line length, scales with viewport */
  --content-max: min(92vw, 52rem);
  --pad-x: clamp(0.75rem, 4vw, 1.5rem);
  --pad-y: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 1.75rem);
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* General body styles */
html {
  font-size: clamp(0.9375rem, 0.82rem + 0.45vw, 1.125rem);
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

html, body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-family: 'Inter', system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
  background: var(--bg);
  color: var(--text);
}

img,
video {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

footer {
  text-align: center;
  padding-inline: 5px;
  margin-top: auto;
  width: 100%;
  color: var(--text);
  background-color: transparent; /* Footer containers provide their own card styling */
  padding: 18px 10px 28px;
}

.footer-inner {
  max-width: min(1100px, 94vw);
  margin: 0 auto;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding-top: 12px;
  padding-inline: var(--pad-x);
}

.footer-meta {
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}
/* Navbar styling */
.navbar {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: clamp(8px, 1.5vw, 12px) clamp(10px, 3vw, 24px);
  background: var(--accent);
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 1000;
  height: 60px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-bottom: none;
}

/* Site title — fluid size (replaces inline styles on #Namee) */
.navbar-brand#Namee {
  left: 0;
  position: fixed;
  top: clamp(6px, 1.5vw, 10px);
  padding-left: clamp(12px, 4vw, 50px);
  z-index: 1002;
}

.navbar-brand#Namee p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 4vw, 2rem);
  line-height: 1.15;
}

/* Navigation links styling */
.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: clamp(6px, 1.5vw, 20px);
  row-gap: 4px;
}

/* Navigation link items */
.nav-item {
  font-size: clamp(0.8rem, 0.75rem + 0.35vw, 0.95rem);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 8px 10px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
}

.nav-item:hover {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2); /* Light hover background */
  color: #fff; /* Keep text color white */
}

.nav-item:focus-visible,
.sidebar-item:focus-visible,
.hero-btn:focus-visible,
.publication-link:focus-visible,
.navbar-toggler:focus-visible,
#nav-menu:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible,
a:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

/* Sidebar Styles */
.sidebar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 60px; /* Align sidebar below the navbar */
  left: 0;
  width: 250px;
  height: 100%; /* Take up full height minus navbar height */
  background-color: var(--accent);
  color: white;
  padding-top: 20px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  z-index: 500;
  overflow-y: auto; /* Allow scrolling if sidebar content overflows */
  transition: left 0.3s ease; /* Smooth transition when showing/hiding */
  border-right: 3px solid var(--usc-gold);
}

/* Profile Picture */
.sidebar-profile .profile-pic {
  width: clamp(96px, 22vw, 150px);
  height: clamp(96px, 22vw, 150px);
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  margin-bottom: clamp(12px, 3vw, 20px);
}

/* Sidebar Links */
.sidebar-links {
  width: 100%;
  display:flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
}

.sidebar-item {
  text-align: left;
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 18px;
  padding: 15px 20px;
  width: 100%;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  transition: background-color 0.3s, color 0.3s;
}

.sidebar-item:hover {
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  color: #fff;
}

/* Main content padding to avoid overlap with sidebar */
.main-content {
  transition: margin-left 0.3s ease;
  padding: var(--pad-y) var(--pad-x) clamp(2rem, 6vw, 3.5rem);
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--content-max);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* Publications Page Styles */
.publications-list, .education-list, .project-list, .experience-list  {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column; 
  gap: 20px;
}

.publication-item, .education-item, .project-item, .experience-item  {
  background: var(--card-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(14px, 3vw, 22px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}

.publication-item p ,.education-item p, .project-item p, .experience-item p  {
  margin: 5px 0;
  line-height: 1.65;
  text-align: left;
}

.publication-item h2, .education-item h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2.5vw, 1.5rem);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.publication-item strong , .education-item strong{
  color: var(--text);
}

.publication-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  margin-right: 12px;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.publication-link:hover , .education-item-link:hover{
  color: var(--accent-hover);
}

.section-content {
  background: var(--card-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 1.5rem) clamp(1rem, 3.5vw, 1.5rem);
  margin-top: clamp(0.75rem, 2vw, 1.25rem);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}

.section-content > h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2rem);
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  color: var(--text);
}

.section-content > .intro-text {
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.8;
  max-width: min(800px, 100%);
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2.4vw, 1.05rem);
}


.navbar-brand {
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.25rem);
  color: white;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: 'Great Vibes', cursive; /* Stylish font */
}

/* Fullscreen dropdown styles */
.dropdown {
  position: fixed;
  top: 60px;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  background-color: var(--card-bg);
  color: var(--text);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  display: none;
  z-index: 1001;
  padding: 16px 20px 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.dropdown-content {
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--text);
}

.dropdown-content .nav-item {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 12px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  color: var(--accent);
}

.dropdown-content .nav-item:hover {
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* Mid screens: keep nav readable before mobile layout */
@media (max-width: 1240px) and (min-width: 1101px) {
  .nav-item {
    padding: 6px 8px;
  }
}

/* For larger screens (e.g., desktops), the sidebar is always visible */
@media (min-width: 1100px) {
  .navbar::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 250px;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--usc-gold);
    pointer-events: none;
  }

  .togler { display: none; /* Hide the button */ }
  .navbar-brand {
    text-align: left;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
  }
  .nav-links {
    display: flex;
  }
  .sidebar {
    left: 0;
    width: 250px;
  }
  body {
    font-family: inherit;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--text);
    background: var(--bg);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 100vh;
    padding-left: 250px;
  }
}

/* For smaller screens (e.g., mobile), the sidebar is hidden by default */
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .navbar {
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--usc-gold);
  }

  .navbar::after {
    content: none;
  }

  #Namee { padding-left: 10px !important;; /* Adjust the padding to move the name 10px to the left */ }
  /* Navigation link items */
#nav-menu {
  border: 0px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  color: white;
  background-color: var(--accent);
  transition: background-color 0.3s, color 0.3s; /* Smooth hover effect */
}
/* Change color of the navbar toggler icon to white */
.navbar-toggler-icon {
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 30 30' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath stroke='rgba%28255, 255, 255, 1%29' stroke-width='2' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}

#nav-menu:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); /* Light gray shadow under the item */
  background-color: var(--accent);
  color: white; /* Keep text color white */
}
.togler { display: block; /* Show the button */ }
  .navbar-brand {
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .sidebar {
    left: -250px;
    width: min(250px, 88vw);
  }

  .sidebar.show {
    left: 0;
  }

  .navbar-toggler {
    display: block;
    position: absolute;
    top: 10px;
    left: 10px;
    z-index: 1001;
    background-color: var(--accent);
    color: white;
    border: none;
    padding: 10px 15px;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .body {
    margin-left: 0; 
    width: 100%;
  }

  .nav-links {
    display: none; 
  }

  .nav-links.show {
    display: flex; 
  }
}

/* Page layout helpers */
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: -999px;
  background: var(--card-bg);
  color: var(--text);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 10px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  z-index: 2000;
}
.skip-link:focus {
  left: 14px;
  top: 14px;
}

.muted-paragraph {
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.section-heading {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  color: var(--text);
}

/* Hero + News (Home) */
.hero-block {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 1.75rem) clamp(0.75rem, 4vw, 1.5rem) clamp(1rem, 3vw, 1.65rem);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--accent);
}

.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 14px;
}

/* Quiet academic label — not a loud “badge” */
.hero-kicker {
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--usc-cardinal);
}

.hero-title {
  margin: 6px 0 6px;
  font-size: clamp(1.85rem, 3.5vw, 2.35rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.15;
  color: var(--text);
}

.hero-subtitle {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 2.5vw, 1rem);
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.hero-lead {
  margin-top: 12px;
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: clamp(0.92rem, 2.4vw, 1rem);
  max-width: min(40rem, 100%);
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.hero-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 9px 16px;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: background 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}

.hero-btn-secondary {
  background: var(--card-bg);
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--border);
}

.hero-btn:hover {
  background: var(--accent-hover);
  color: #fff;
}

.hero-btn-secondary:hover {
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  color: var(--accent);
  border-color: rgba(153, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.hero-meta {
  margin-top: 18px;
  padding-top: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.news-block {
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.news-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.news-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding: 12px 0 12px 1.1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  color: var(--text);
  line-height: 1.65;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}

.news-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.news-list li::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 1.15em;
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
}

/* Home: About / interests / education — one system */
.home-section {
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}

.home-section h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.5vw, 1.2rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: var(--text);
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.home-card {
  background: var(--card-bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 18px 20px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}

.home-card p {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--text);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}

.home-card p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.home-card a {
  color: var(--usc-cardinal);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.home-card a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-hover);
}

.interest-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
}

.interest-item {
  padding: 12px 16px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--bg);
  font-size: clamp(0.88rem, 2.2vw, 0.95rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--text);
}

/* Home Education cards (inline-styled .edu-card): stack on narrow screens */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .edu-card {
    flex-direction: column !important;
    align-items: flex-start !important;
  }

  .edu-card img {
    margin-right: 0 !important;
    margin-bottom: 12px !important;
    max-width: min(100%, 120px);
    height: auto !important;
  }
}

/* Contact page */
.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 200px), 1fr));
  gap: clamp(12px, 3vw, 20px);
  margin-top: clamp(16px, 4vw, 30px);
}

.contact-item {
  background: var(--bg);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: clamp(14px, 3vw, 20px);
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
}

.contact-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  background: var(--card-bg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.contact-item i {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 8vw, 3rem);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.contact-item h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 3vw, 1.4rem);
  margin: 10px 0 5px;
  color: var(--text);
}

.contact-item p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.contact-shell {
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 1.25rem);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  background: var(--card-bg);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}

.contact-shell h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 4vw, 2rem);
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--text);
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
}

.contact-shell .intro-text {
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.75;
  max-width: min(720px, 100%);
  margin: 0 auto 1rem;
  font-size: clamp(0.95rem, 2.4vw, 1.05rem);
}

/* Teaching (Teaching.html + Experiences.html) */
.teaching-container {
  text-align: center;
  padding: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 2rem) clamp(0.75rem, 3vw, 1.25rem);
  background: var(--card-bg);
  margin: clamp(0.5rem, 2vw, 1.25rem) auto;
  max-width: min(1000px, 96vw);
  border-radius: 15px;
}

.teaching-container h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.teaching-container .intro-text {
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 1.2rem);
  color: var(--muted);
  margin: 0 auto clamp(1rem, 3vw, 1.85rem);
  line-height: 1.8;
  max-width: min(750px, 92vw);
}

.teaching-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 260px), 1fr));
  gap: clamp(12px, 3vw, 20px);
}

.teaching-item {
  background: #f5f5f5;
  border-radius: 12px;
  padding: clamp(14px, 3vw, 20px);
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.teaching-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.teaching-item h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.8vw, 1.4rem);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--text);
}

.teaching-item p {
  font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 2.2vw, 1rem);
  color: #666;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.teaching-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin: 8px;
  padding: 10px 15px;
  font-size: clamp(0.9rem, 2vw, 1rem);
  color: #fff;
  background-color: var(--usc-cardinal);
  border-radius: 5px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.3s;
}

.teaching-link:hover {
  background-color: var(--accent-hover);
}

span.teaching-link {
  cursor: default;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: 0.92;
}

.teaching-link i {
  margin-right: 5px;
}

.teaching-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  align-items: center;
}

.youtube-container {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.youtube-container iframe {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* Bootstrap primary → USC Cardinal (CV print button, etc.) */
.btn-primary {
  --bs-btn-bg: var(--usc-cardinal);
  --bs-btn-border-color: var(--usc-cardinal);
  --bs-btn-hover-bg: var(--accent-hover);
  --bs-btn-hover-border-color: var(--accent-hover);
  --bs-btn-active-bg: var(--accent-hover);
  --bs-btn-active-border-color: var(--accent-hover);
  --bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb: 153, 0, 0;
}

/* Reduced motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  * {
    transition: none !important;
    animation: none !important;
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
  }

}